Which class of drugs is known to potentially cause kidney damage?

• A. NSAIDs
• B. ACE inhibitors
• C. Statins
• D. Beta-blockers

Answer: (A)

The class of drugs known to potentially cause kidney damage is NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). NSAIDs can affect kidney function through several mechanisms. They inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds that play a crucial role in maintaining renal blood flow, particularly in situations where kidney perfusion may be compromised, such as dehydration or heart failure. By reducing prostaglandin synthesis, NSAIDs can lead to reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and potentially result in acute kidney injury, especially in patients with predisposing conditions.

In contrast, ACE inhibitors are primarily protective of the kidneys and are commonly used in patients with conditions such as hypertension and diabetes to prevent kidney damage. Statins are used for cholesterol management and have not been directly linked with acute kidney injury in most patients, although rare cases of statin-induced acute kidney injury can occur, particularly in older adults or those with underlying renal issues. Beta-blockers are typically used for cardiovascular conditions and do not have a direct association with causing kidney damage. This highlights the specific risk involved with NSAIDs in the context of renal health.